Application of a modified generalized sail model on a solar sail with wrinkles

In this paper, we present an analysis of effect of wrinkles on the solar sail performance. We describe different analytical, semi-analytical and numerical approaches to the calculation of general large-scale curvature of a solar sail as well as parameters of so-called wrinkled domains, and introduce the impact of such wrinkles on the thrust and torque of the solar sail. Finally, we present a model of an optically-orthotropic surface for such non-ideal sail, providing a connection with the Generalized Sail Model, and other solar sail thrust models.     

Evaluation of SARAL/AltiKa performance using GNSS/IMU equipped buoy in Sajafi,Imam Hassan and Kangan Ports

Performance of SARAL/AltiKa mission has been evaluated within 2016 altimeter calibration/validation framework in Persian Gulf through three campaigns conducted in the offshore waters of Sajafi, Imam Hassan and Kangan Ports, while the altimeter overflew the passes 470, 111 and 25 on 13 Feb, 7 March and 17 June 2016, respectively. As the preparation, a lightweight buoy was equipped with a GNSS receiver/choke-ring antenna and a MEMS-based IMU to measure independent datasets in the field operations. To obtain accurate sea surface height (SSH) time series, the offset of the onboard antenna from the equilibrium sea level was predetermined through surveying operations as the buoy was deploying in the onshore waters of Kangan Port. Accordingly, the double-difference carrier phase observations have been processed via the Bernese GPS Software v. 5.0 so as to provide the GNSS-derived time series at the comparison points of the calibration campaigns, once the disturbing effects due to the platform tilt and heave have been eliminated. Owing to comparing of the SSH time series and the associating altimetry 1?Hz GDR-T datasets, the calibration/validation of the SARAL/AltiKa has been performed in the both cases of radiometer and ECMWF wet troposphere corrections so as to identify potential land contamination. An agreement of the present findings in comparison with those attained in other international calibrations sites confirms the promising feasibility of Persian Gulf as a new dedicated site for calibration/validation of ongoing and future altimetry missions.     

空间载荷机柜热控设计的仿真研究

空间站主动热控系统的作用是提供和保持航天员、仪器设备和结构部件所要求的温度、湿度和风速等热环境。本文以空间载荷机柜为热控系统的基本单元，建立了以单相流体循环回路为基础、采用液冷结合风冷的冷却方式的载荷机柜数学模型；介绍了模糊增量控制算法的工作原理；提出了采用模糊增量控制算法，以液冷支路进出口温差和风冷支路冷却量占总冷却量的比值为控制目标的反馈控制策略。同时文章采用数值模拟方法研究了控制系统的动态响应效果。仿真结果显示，模糊增量控制算法具有响应迅速、超调量小、无静态误差的特点，控制策略满足有效性、稳定性和高精确度的要求。     

Comparison of GPS derived TEC with the TEC predicted by IRI 2012 model in the southern Equatorial Ionization Anomaly crest within the Eastern Africa region

We have compared the TEC obtained from the IRI-2012 model with the GPS derived TEC data recorded within southern crest of the EIA in the Eastern Africa region using the monthly means of the 5 international quiet days for equinoxes and solstices months for the period of 2012 – 2013. GPS-derived TEC data have been obtained from the Africa array and IGS network of ground based dual-frequency GPS receivers from four stations (Kigali (1.95°S, 30.09°E; Geom. Lat. 11.63°S), Malindi (2.99°S, 40.19°E; Geom. Lat. 12.42°S), Mbarara (0.60°S, 30.74°E; Geom. Lat. 10.22°S) and Nairobi (1.22°S, 36.89°E; Geom. Lat. 10.69°S)) located within the EIA crest in this region. All the three options for topside Ne of IRI-2012 model and ABT-2009 for bottomside thickness have been used to compute the IRI TEC. Also URSI coefficients were considered in this study. These results are compared with the TEC estimated from GPS measurements. Correlation Coefficients between the two sets of data, the Root-Mean Square Errors (RMSE) of the IRI-TEC from the GPS-TEC, and the percentage RMSE of the IRI-TEC from the GPS-TEC have been computed. Our general results show that IRI-2012 model with all three options overestimates the GPS-TEC for all seasons and at all stations, and IRI-2001 overestimates GPS-TEC more compared with other options. IRI-Neq and IRI-01-corr are closely matching in most of the time. The observation also shows that, GPS TEC are underestimated by TEC from IRI model during noon hours, especially during equinoctial months. Further, GPS-TEC values and IRI-TEC values using all the three topside Ne options show very good correlation (above 0.8). On the other hand, the TEC using IRI-Neq and IRI-01- corr had smaller deviations from the GPS-TEC compared to the IRI-2001.     

考虑测试性设计缺陷修正延时的测试性增长模型建模与评价方法

针对现有测试性增长模型忽略了测试性设计缺陷的修正延时过程，进而导致测试性增长模型（TGM）跟踪与预计精度低的问题，提出了一种考虑测试性设计缺陷修正延时的测试性增长模型建模理论与方法。首先分析测试性设计缺陷识别与修正之间的延时机理，得到剩余测试性设计缺陷（TDL）具有先增后减的铃形变化趋势；在此基础上，分别以Gamma、Raleigh和Delay-S 3种曲线拟合剩余测试性设计缺陷（RTDL）变化趋势，研究建立基于以上3种曲线考虑修正延时的测试性增长模型；最后，以某机载稳定跟踪平台测试性增长试验数据验证测试性增长模型拟合、跟踪及预计效能。研究结果表明：基于该测试性增长试验数据，Gamma曲线可以精确地拟合剩余测试性设计缺陷变化规律，测试性增长模型跟踪和预计精度可达到10^-2数量级。     

Geometric error analysis of an over-constrained parallel tracking mechanism using the screw theory

This paper deals with geometric error modeling and sensitivity analysis of an overconstrained parallel tracking mechanism. The main contribution is the consideration of overconstrained features that are usually ignored in previous research. The reciprocal property between a motion and a force is applied to tackle this problem in the framework of the screw theory. First of all, a nominal kinematic model of the parallel tracking mechanism is formulated. On this basis, the actual twist of the moving platform is computed through the superposition of the joint twist and geometric errors. The actuation and constrained wrenches of each limb are applied to exclude the joint displacement. After eliminating repeated errors brought by the multiplication of wrenches, a geometric error model of the parallel tracking mechanism is built. Furthermore,two sensitivity indices are defined to select essential geometric errors for future kinematic calibration. Finally, the geometric error model with minimum geometric errors is verified by simulation with SolidWorks software. Two typical poses of the parallel tracking mechanism are selected, and the differences between simulation and calculation results are very small. The results confirm the correctness and accuracy of the geometric error modeling method for over-constrained parallel mechanisms.     

Optimization of bits allocation and path planning with trajectory constraint in UAV-enabled mobile edge computing system

In this paper, an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) enabled Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) system is studied, in which UAV acts as server to offer computing offloading service to the Mobile Users (MUs) with limited computing capability and energy budget. We aim to minimize the total energy consumption of MUs by jointly optimizing the bit allocation for uplink, computing at the UAV and downlink, along with the UAV trajectory in a unified framework. To this end, a trajectory constraint model is employed to avoid sudden changes of velocity and acceleration during flying. Due to high-order information in use, we lead to a more reasonable nonconvex optimization problem than prior arts. An Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) method is introduced to solve the optimization problem, which is decomposed into a set of easy sub-problems, to meet the requirement on the efficiency in edge computing. Numerical results demonstrate that our approach leads a smoother UAV trajectory, significantly save the energy consumption for UAV during flying.     

高温存储对Sn-Pb-Ni凸点界面金属间化合物生长的影响

倒装焊工艺由于具有信号处理速度快、封装密度高、可靠性高等特点，已广泛应用于高密度集成电路封装工艺中。高可靠倒装焊器件的互连焊点通常采用10Sn90Pb等高铅焊料，该焊料具有剪切强度高、可靠性高等优点，但其熔点高、回流工艺窗口窄等特性给封装工艺带来一定难度，此外该焊料在高温存储环境的可靠性有待进一步提高。本文采用Ni元素对10Sn90Pb焊料进行改性，研究高温存储下Sn-Pb-Ni体系凸点的力学性能以及金属间化合物（Intermetallic compound,IMC）的生长演变规律，以此评估Ni元素对10Sn90Pb凸点可靠性的影响。主要结果如下：适量添加Ni元素可以细化10Sn90Pb焊点界面处IMC晶粒，降低高温存储条件下的IMC生长速度，但在一定程度上会降低凸点的剪切强度。0.05%~0.1%含量的Ni元素添加对10Sn90Pb凸点综合性能提升较为显著。     

基于Kriging模型梯度解析解的改进一次二阶矩方法

改进一次二阶矩（AFOSM）法是一种基于功能函数梯度的结构可靠性分析方法，鉴于其对隐式函数的梯度较难求解，提出了一种基于Kriging模型梯度解析解的AFOSM方法，利用Kriging代理模型的解析表达式推导得到功能函数对输入变量的梯度解析解，为AFOSM中设计点的确定提供高精度的梯度信息。通过Kriging与AFOSM的结合，很好地解决了基于有限元模型的隐式情况下梯度计算量相当大、可靠性分析难的问题。数值与工程算例验证了所提Kriging梯度解析解的较高精确性，同时验证了所提基于Kriging解析解的AFOSM结构可靠性分析方法的正确性与较高精度。     

eLoran系统ASF网格应用算法研究

ASF网格是提高增强型罗兰（Enhanced Long Range Navigation，eLoran）系统精度的重要方法。根据所在网格四个顶点的附加二次时延（Added Secondary Factor，ASF）值通过网格应用算法得到待测试点的ASF值，一定程度上比公式计算的ASF值更准确。在计算过程中，用户四个顶点ASF值的测量误差会传递给用户，同时内插算法本身也会引入误差，此时内插算法的选择尤为重要。本文通过仿真、分析比较几种常用的内插算法，得出结论：反距离插值算法引入的误差最大，双线应插值算法引入的误差最小，而且误差呈现一定层次感，网格从内到外误差逐渐减小。